단일 AI Agent의 한계를 넘어서, 여러 전문 Agent가 협업하는 시스템은 복잡한 워크플로우를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있게 합니다. 본 튜토리얼에서는 HolySheep AI를 활용하여 프로덕션 수준의 다중 Agent 협업 아키텍처를 설계하고 구현하는 방법을 심층적으로 다룹니다.

다중 Agent 협업 시스템 아키텍처

효과적인 다중 Agent 시스템은 세 가지 핵심 컴포넌트로 구성됩니다:

"""
다중 Agent 협업 시스템 코어 아키텍처
HolySheep AI API 기반 다중 Agent 오케스트레이션
"""

import asyncio
import hashlib
import json
import time
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
import aiohttp
from aiohttp import ClientTimeout

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HolySheep AI API Configuration

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HOLYSHEEP_BASE_URL = "https://api.holysheep.ai/v1" API_KEY = "YOUR_HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY" # HolySheep AI API 키로 교체 class AgentStatus(Enum): IDLE = "idle" WORKING = "working" WAITING = "waiting" COMPLETED = "completed" FAILED = "failed" @dataclass class AgentTask: task_id: str agent_id: str task_type: str payload: Dict[str, Any] status: AgentStatus = AgentStatus.IDLE result: Optional[Any] = None error: Optional[str] = None created_at: float = field(default_factory=time.time) updated_at: float = field(default_factory=time.time) retry_count: int = 0 max_retries: int = 3 @dataclass class SharedState: """Agent 간 공유 상태 관리""" state_id: str data: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict) version: int = 0 locks: Dict[str, asyncio.Lock] = field(default_factory=dict) subscribers: List[str] = field(default_factory=list) class HolySheepAIClient: """HolySheep AI API 클라이언트""" def __init__(self, api_key: str, base_url: str = HOLYSHEEP_BASE_URL): self.api_key = api_key self.base_url = base_url self.timeout = ClientTimeout(total=120) self.rate_limiter = asyncio.Semaphore(10) # 동시 요청 제한 async def chat_completion( self, model: str, messages: List[Dict], temperature: float = 0.7, max_tokens: int = 2048, **kwargs ) -> Dict[str, Any]: """HolySheep AI 채팅 완성 API 호출""" headers = { "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}", "Content-Type": "application/json" } payload = { "model": model, "messages": messages, "temperature": temperature, "max_tokens": max_tokens, **kwargs } async with self.rate_limiter: async with aiohttp.ClientSession(timeout=self.timeout) as session: async with session.post( f"{self.base_url}/chat/completions", headers=headers, json=payload ) as response: if response.status != 200: error_body = await response.text() raise Exception(f"API Error {response.status}: {error_body}") result = await response.json() return result

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Agent 구현

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class BaseAgent(ABC): """기본 Agent 추상 클래스""" def __init__( self, agent_id: str, specialty: str, model: str, client: HolySheepAIClient ): self.agent_id = agent_id self.specialty = specialty self.model = model self.client = client self.status = AgentStatus.IDLE self.task_queue: asyncio.Queue = asyncio.Queue() self.result_callbacks: Dict[str, Callable] = {} @abstractmethod async def process_task(self, task: AgentTask) -> Any: """작업 처리 로직 구현""" pass async def execute_task(self, task: AgentTask) -> AgentTask: """작업 실행 및 상태 업데이트""" task.status = AgentStatus.WORKING task.updated_at = time.time() try: self.status = AgentStatus.WORKING result = await self.process_task(task) task.result = result task.status = AgentStatus.COMPLETED except Exception as e: task.error = str(e) task.status = AgentStatus.FAILED self.status = AgentStatus.FAILED # 재시도 로직 if task.retry_count < task.max_retries: task.retry_count += 1 task.status = AgentStatus.IDLE await asyncio.sleep(2 ** task.retry_count) # 지수 백오프 asyncio.create_task(self.execute_task(task)) finally: task.updated_at = time.time() self.status = AgentStatus.IDLE return task class OrchestratorAgent(BaseAgent): """작업 분해 및 할당 Orchestrator Agent""" def __init__( self, agent_id: str, model: str, client: HolySheepAIClient, shared_state: SharedState ): super().__init__(agent_id, "orchestrator", model, client) self.shared_state = shared_state self.specialist_agents: Dict[str, BaseAgent] = {} def register_specialist(self, agent: BaseAgent): """전문가 Agent 등록""" self.specialist_agents[agent.agent_id] = agent async def process_task(self, task: AgentTask) -> Dict[str, Any]: """복잡한 작업을 하위 작업으로 분해""" # HolySheep AI를 사용한 작업 분해 decomposition_prompt = f"""다음 작업을 하위 작업으로 분解해주세요. 작업: {task.payload.get('description', 'N/A')} 응답 형식 (JSON): {{ "subtasks": [ {{"type": "task_type", "assign_to": "agent_id", "payload": {{}}}} ] }} """ response = await self.client.chat_completion( model=self.model, messages=[ {"role": "system", "content": "당신은 작업 분해 전문가입니다."}, {"role": "user", "content": decomposition_prompt} ], temperature=0.3 ) # 분해된 작업 결과 파싱 content = response['choices'][0]['message']['content'] subtasks_data = json.loads(content) # 공유 상태에 분해된 작업 등록 async with self.shared_state.locks.get('tasks', asyncio.Lock()): self.shared_state.data['pending_tasks'] = subtasks_data.get('subtasks', []) self.shared_state.version += 1 return { "task_id": task.task_id, "subtasks": subtasks_data.get('subtasks', []), "decomposition_model": self.model, "cost": response.get('usage', {}).get('total_tokens', 0) } print("다중 Agent 협업 시스템 기본 구조 로드 완료")

작업 할당 시스템 구현

효과적인 작업 할당은 Agent의 현재 부하, 전문 분야, 가용성을 고려해야 합니다. 로드 밸런싱 알고리즘을 적용하여 최적의 할당을 구현합니다.

"""
작업 할당 및 로드 밸런싱 시스템
"""

import heapq
from typing import List, Tuple
from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class AgentMetrics:
    """Agent 성능 메트릭스"""
    agent_id: str
    current_load: int = 0
    completed_tasks: int = 0
    failed_tasks: int = 0
    avg_response_time: float = 0.0
    success_rate: float = 1.0

class TaskScheduler:
    """우선순위 기반 작업 스케줄러"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.task_queue: List[Tuple[int, int, AgentTask]] = []  # (priority, timestamp, task)
        self.agent_metrics: Dict[str, AgentMetrics] = {}
        self.task_counter = 0
        
    def add_task(self, task: AgentTask, priority: int = 5):
        """우선순위 큐에 작업 추가 (0이 가장 높음)"""
        heapq.heappush(
            self.task_queue,
            (priority, self.task_counter, task)
        )
        self.task_counter += 1
        
    def get_next_task(self) -> Optional[AgentTask]:
        """최고 우선순위 작업 가져오기"""
        if self.task_queue:
            _, _, task = heapq.heappop(self.task_queue)
            return task
        return None
    
    def update_agent_metrics(self, agent_id: str, success: bool, response_time: float):
        """Agent 성능 메트릭 업데이트"""
        if agent_id not in self.agent_metrics:
            self.agent_metrics[agent_id] = AgentMetrics(agent_id=agent_id)
            
        metrics = self.agent_metrics[agent_id]
        metrics.current_load = max(0, metrics.current_load - 1)
        
        if success:
            metrics.completed_tasks += 1
        else:
            metrics.failed_tasks += 1
            
        # 이동 평균으로 응답 시간 업데이트
        metrics.avg_response_time = (
            metrics.avg_response_time * 0.7 + response_time * 0.3
        )
        
        total = metrics.completed_tasks + metrics.failed_tasks
        metrics.success_rate = metrics.completed_tasks / total if total > 0 else 1.0

class LoadBalancedAllocator:
    """부하 분산 기반 Agent 할당기"""
    
    def __init__(self, scheduler: TaskScheduler):
        self.scheduler = scheduler
        self.agent_pool: Dict[str, BaseAgent] = {}
        self.affinity_rules: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}  # 작업 유형별 선호 Agent
        
    def register_agent(self, agent: BaseAgent, specialties: List[str]):
        """Agent 등록 및 전문 분야 매핑"""
        self.agent_pool[agent.agent_id] = agent
        for specialty in specialties:
            if specialty not in self.affinity_rules:
                self.affinity_rules[specialty] = []
            self.affinity_rules[specialty].append(agent.agent_id)
            
    def allocate_task(self, task: AgentTask) -> Optional[str]:
        """최적 Agent 선택 및 작업 할당"""
        
        # 선호도 기반 후보 필터링
        task_type = task.task_type
        candidates = self.affinity_rules.get(task_type, list(self.agent_pool.keys()))
        
        if not candidates:
            candidates = list(self.agent_pool.keys())
            
        # 성능 기반 선택
        best_agent = None
        best_score = float('-inf')
        
        for agent_id in candidates:
            metrics = self.scheduler.agent_metrics.get(agent_id)
            agent = self.agent_pool[agent_id]
            
            # 점수 계산: 성공률 높고, 응답 시간 빠르고, 부하 낮은 Agent 선호
            if metrics:
                success_bonus = metrics.success_rate * 100
                response_penalty = metrics.avg_response_time * 0.1
                load_penalty = metrics.current_load * 5
                score = success_bonus - response_penalty - load_penalty
            else:
                score = 100  # 새 Agent는 기본 점수
                
            if score > best_score:
                best_score = score
                best_agent = agent_id
                
        # 선택된 Agent의 부하 증가
        if best_agent and best_agent in self.scheduler.agent_metrics:
            self.scheduler.agent_metrics[best_agent].current_load += 1
            
        return best_agent

async def task_allocation_example():
    """작업 할당 예제 시나리오"""
    
    client = HolySheepAIClient(API_KEY)
    shared_state = SharedState(state_id="main")
    shared_state.locks['tasks'] = asyncio.Lock()
    
    # Agent 풀 생성
    agents = {
        'orchestrator': OrchestratorAgent('orchestrator', 'gpt-4.1', client, shared_state),
        'researcher': BaseAgent.__new__(BaseAgent),
        'coder': BaseAgent.__new__(BaseAgent),
        'reviewer': BaseAgent.__new__(BaseAgent)
    }
    
    # 스케줄러 및 할당기 초기화
    scheduler = TaskScheduler()
    allocator = LoadBalancedAllocator(scheduler)
    
    # Agent 등록
    allocator.register_agent(agents['orchestrator'], ['orchestration', 'planning'])
    allocator.register_agent(agents['researcher'], ['research', 'analysis'])
    allocator.register_agent(agents['coder'], ['coding', 'implementation'])
    allocator.register_agent(agents['reviewer'], ['review', 'quality'])
    
    # 테스트 작업 생성
    test_tasks = [
        AgentTask(
            task_id=f"task_{i}",
            agent_id="",
            task_type=['research', 'coding', 'review'][i % 3],
            payload={'description': f'Test task {i}'}
        )
        for i in range(10)
    ]
    
    # 우선순위와 함께 작업 추가
    for i, task in enumerate(test_tasks):
        priority = (i % 3) + 1  # 1, 2, 3 우선순위
        scheduler.add_task(task, priority)
        
    # 작업 할당 실행
    allocation_results = []
    while True:
        task = scheduler.get_next_task()
        if not task:
            break
            
        agent_id = allocator.allocate_task(task)
        if agent_id:
            task.agent_id = agent_id
            allocation_results.append({
                'task_id': task.task_id,
                'assigned_agent': agent_id,
                'task_type': task.task_type
            })
            
    print(f"할당 완료: {len(allocation_results)}개 작업")
    for result in allocation_results[:3]:
        print(f"  {result['task_id']} -> {result['assigned_agent']}")
        
    return allocation_results

상태 공유 및 동기화 메커니즘

다중 Agent 환경에서 일관된 상태 관리는 시스템 신뢰성의 핵심입니다. 분산 잠금 및 이벤트 기반 동기화를 구현합니다.

"""
분산 상태 관리 및 동기화 시스템
"""

import asyncio
from collections import defaultdict
from typing import Set, Callable, Any
import asyncpg
import redis.asyncio as redis

class DistributedStateManager:
    """분산 환경용 상태 관리자"""
    
    def __init__(
        self,
        redis_url: str = "redis://localhost:6379",
        pg_dsn: str = "postgresql://user:pass@localhost/db"
    ):
        self.redis: Optional[redis.Redis] = None
        self.pg_pool: Optional[asyncpg.Pool] = None
        self.redis_url = redis_url
        self.pg_dsn = pg_dsn
        self.local_cache: Dict[str, Any] = {}
        self.subscribers: Dict[str, Set[Callable]] = defaultdict(set)
        self.locks: Dict[str, asyncio.Lock] = {}
        
    async def connect(self):
        """연결 풀 초기화"""
        self.redis = await redis.from_url(
            self.redis_url,
            encoding="utf-8",
            decode_responses=True
        )
        self.pg_pool = await asyncpg.create_pool(self.pg_dsn)
        
    async def disconnect(self):
        """연결 해제"""
        if self.redis:
            await self.redis.close()
        if self.pg_pool:
            await self.pg_pool.close()
            
    async def get(self, key: str, use_cache: bool = True) -> Optional[Any]:
        """분산 캐시에서 값 조회"""
        if use_cache and key in self.local_cache:
            return self.local_cache[key]
            
        value = await self.redis.get(key)
        if value:
            result = json.loads(value)
            self.local_cache[key] = result
            return result
        return None
    
    async